Typical temperatures for high-temperature electrolysis (HTE) are between 800º-900ºC, consistent with anticipated coolant outlet temperatures of advanced high-temperature nuclear reactors. HYDROGEN PRODUCTION 29 Source: “H2-MHR Pre Conceptual Design Report: S-I Based Plant” [Richards 2006] Similar configurations for Hybrid Sulfur (Westinghouse) thermochemical cycle or High Temperature Steam Electrolysis with very high temperature process heat (2009). The annual world production of hydrogen amounts to some 50 million tonnes and the majority is produced using fossil fuels like natural gas, coal and naphtha. very high temperature reactors (VHTR) or the Supercritical Water Cooled Reactor (SCWR), could provide not only the electricity needed, but also deliver relatively high temperature process heat, providing high net power cycle efficiencies. Various burnable poison distributions and fuel compositions are considered. Industrial-scale hydrogen production via thermochemical water decomposition is considered, using high- and medium-temperature processes. It is the only near-term Generation IV concept that has the capability to provide process heat at high enough temperatures for highly efficient production of hydrogen. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. The Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR), a gas cooled Generation IV reactor, is ideally suited for providing this high temperature heat. It is expected that the VHTR will be purchased in the future as either an electricity producing plant with a direct cycle gas turbine or a hydrogen producing (or other process heat application) plant. C - 325. o. These electrolysis systems use the heat and steam g Very High Temperature Reactor Collaborative R&D, ... Hydrogen production test facility at JAEA Oarai 2.3 H 2 Production. Direct coupled to HTGR reactor for electrical power and process heat 600 MWth reactor could produce ~85 million SCFD hydrogen (similar to a large steam methane reforming plant) and 42 million SCFD oxygen Potential applications include petroleum refining, ammonia production, synthetic liquid fuels, hydrogen as a direct vehicle fuel 15 Reactor and Materials Innovation • Overcoming barriers to high -temperature solar thermochemical H. 2. production. THE ADVANCED HIGH-TEMPERATURE REACTOR The primary challenge for nuclear H2 production is the requirement to deliver heat to the thermochemical plant at very high temperatures. 3. The VHTR system is designed to be a high-efficiency system that can supply process heat to a broad spectrum of high-temperature and energy-intensive, nonelectric process-es. Very High Temperature Reactors will supply process heat that can be used to generate the high temperatures required for clean hydrogen production. Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR) 750oC - 1,000 oC . High temperature electrolysis and thermochemical water splitting offer two promising methods for nuclear powered hydrogen production. The Idaho National Laboratory (INL) is researching the feasibility of high-temperature steam electrolysis for high-efficiency carbon-free hydrogen production using nuclear energy. The CCGT cycle presented has potential to improve the efficiency. High or very high temperature reactors used for electricity and hydrogen production have significant future potential to improve efficiency by raising the reactor outlet temperature or steam temperature. Construction of a phenomena identification and Very high-temperature gas-cooled reactors are considered as near-term deployable plants meeting these requirements. High temperature electrolysis works on the principal that the energy required to electrolyze water decreases with … high-temperature reactor has 50% efficiency (heat to electricity) and electrolysis has 70% efficiency (electricity to hydrogen), the overall efficiency is only 35%. Using electricity and heat generated from nuclear plants can produce low-cost hydrogen high-temperature electrolysis (HTE). Modern plants co-produce electrical energy, fuel and process heat. The molten-salt-cooled Advanced High-Temperature Reactor (AHTR) is a new reactor concept designed to provide very high temperature (750 to 1000EC) heat to enable efficient low- cost (1) thermochemical production of hydrogen (H 2 ) or (2) production of electricity. The demonstration unit being built in Shidaowan links twin 250 MWt units with 750°C outlet temperature to a 210 MWe steam turbine. Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. Nuclear hydrogen steelmaking (NHS) and nuclear hydrogen partial reduction steelmaking (NHPRS) sys-tems were proposed using very high temperature reactor, and thermochemical hydrogen production iodine-sulfur process. The main parts of such an advanced plant are: reactor pressure vessel, core and close-to-core components, gas turbine, intermediate heat exchanger, and hydrogen production unit. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. Hydrogen production using high temperature nuclear reactors: Efficiency analysis of a combined cycle. The most advanced high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTR) project is China's HTR-PM, based on its successful HTR-10 prototype. Nuclear power plants may reach an efficiency of around 50%. operating temperature is the possible use of the reactor heat generation for hydrogen production from water splitting through high temperature processes (either a thermo-chemical process or high temperature electrolysis), the efficiency of which drastically increases above 900°C. The activities at the INL have included the development, testing and analysis of large numbers of solid oxide electrolysis cells, and the analyses of potential plant designs for large scale production of hydrogen using an advanced Very-High Temperature Reactor (VHTR) to provide the process heat and electricity to drive the electrolysis process. The use of hydrogen is predicted to increase substantially in the future, both as chemical feedstock and also as energy carrier for transportation. The high temperature nuclear reactor provides a new way to produce hydrogen with high efficiency. Nuclear heat for hydrogen production: Coupling a very high/high temperature reactor to a hydrogen production plant The results show that the combination of a high temperature helium reactor, with a combined cycle for electric power generation and hydrogen production, may reach an efficiency of around 50%. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. The power plant cycle analyzed in the present paper is complex and it is difficult to determine conditions under which all target objectives are fulfilled: high thermodynamic efficiency for combined production of electricity and high-temperature heat which can be used to produce hydrogen. The VHTR is a helium- cooled, graphite-moderated, thermal neutron spectrum reactor with a coolant outlet temperature of 1000 °C or above. Nuclear Technology: Vol. Heat input and CO 2 emissions of these systems were analyzed by heat and mass balance calculation. The Nuclear Cogeneration Industrial Initiative (NC2I), part of the Sustainable Nuclear Energy Technology Platform (SNETP) in the European Union (EU), is focused on HTRs producing 550°C steam for a variety of industrial applications. HYDROGEN PRODUCTION BY HIGH TEMPERATURE ELECTROLYSIS OF WATER VAPOUR AND NUCLEAR REACTORS Jean-Pierre Py (AREVA NP) – Alain Capitaine (EDF) Abstract This paper presents hydrogen production by a nuclear reactor (High Temperature Reactor, HTR or Pressurized Water Reactor, PWR) coupled to a High Temperature Electrolyser (HTE) plant. Methods to produce hydrogen without the use of fossil fuels involve the process of water splitting, or splitting the water molecule H2O into its components oxygen and hydrogen. C . The nuclear reactor is combined with a gas turbine, a steam turbine and a system for the delivery heat for high-, medium- and low-temperature processes. These water splitting cycles permit the conversion of water into hydrogen and oxygen at much lower temperatures than the direct thermal decomposition of water. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. – Novel cascading pressure design achieves very low O. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. They build on high-temperature gas-cooled reactors which are already in operation. The VHTR is a suitable candidate for the NGNP due to the high efficiency electrical generation and hydrogen production provided by its high operating temperatures. Molten Salt Reactor (MSR) 600. oC - 800oC . The molten-salt-cooled Advanced High-Temperature Reactor (AHTR) is a new reactor concept designed to provide very high-temperature (750 to 1000°C) heat to enable efficient low-cost thermochemical production of hydrogen (H 2) or production of electricity. Only the VHTR with TRISO fuel is capable of operating at the temperatures required for very efficient hydrogen production. Very High Temperature Reactor System INPRO Dialogue Forum Vienna, 13 -14 April 2016 Michael A. Fütterer (EU) presented by Frank Carré (France) on behalf of the GIF VHTR System Steering Committee ... hydrogen production coal gasification 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. The Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR) is a graphite-moderated, helium-cooled reactor. Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR) T. he Very-High-Temper-ature Reactor (VHTR) is a graphite-moderated, helium-cooled reactor with a once-through uranium fuel cycle. 166, Special Issue on Nuclear Hydrogen Production, Control, and Management, pp. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.11.190. The energy demand for hydrogen production could exceed that for electricity production today. Steam reforming of natural gas1 is dominant in today’s refineries and the production of process heat by HTGR for the refining process could be a starting point towards a fossil … The VHTR reference concept is a helium-cooled, graphite moderated, thermal neutron spectrum reactor with an outlet temperature of 1000°C or higher. When the source of energy for water splitting is renewable or low-carbon, the hydrogen produced is sometimes referred to as green hydrogen. 101-112. 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